Although teen sexting is a subject of controversy, new research suggests concern about the practice may be overblown.

New studies from the University of New Hampshire Crimes against Children Research Center have found that the number of youth who send nude pictures of themselves that would qualify as child pornography is very low.

Moreover, researchers discovered that when teen sexting images do come to police attention, few youth are being arrested or treated like sex offenders.

The research is presented in the studies “Prevalence and Characteristics of Youth Sexting: A National Study” and “How Often Are Teens Arrested for Sexting? Data From a National Sample of Police Cases,” published online by the journal Pediatrics.

In the first study, researchers surveyed 1,560 Internet users ages 10 through 17 about their experiences with sexting — appearing in, creating, or receiving sexual images or videos via cell phone or the Internet.

Investigators determined that 2.5 percent of youth surveyed have participated in sexting in the past year, but only 1 percent involved images that potentially violate child pornography laws — images that showed “naked breasts, genitals or bottoms.”

“Lots of people may be hearing about these cases discovered by schools and parents because they create a furor, but it still involves a very small minority of youth,” said lead author Dr. Kimberly Mitchell, research assistant professor of psychology at the UNH Crimes against Children Research Center.

In a second study, researchers discovered that in most sexting cases investigated by the police, no juvenile arrest occurred. Arrests did occur in 36 percent of the cases where there were aggravating activities by youth, such as using the images to blackmail or harass other youth. In cases without aggravating elements, the arrest rate was 18 percent.

The second study was based on a national sample of 675 sexting cases collected from a systematic survey of law enforcement agencies. Researchers discovered the very few teens who were subjected to sex offender registration had generally committed other serious offenses such as sexual assault.

“Most law enforcement officials are handling these sexting cases in a thoughtful way and not treating teens like sex offenders and child pornographers,” said lead author Janis Wolak, J.D.

In both studies, researchers found that sexual images of youth rarely were widely distributed online as many parents, youth, and law enforcement fear. In the teen survey, 90 percent of the youth said the images they created did not go beyond the intended recipient.

Even in the cases where the images came to the attention of the police, two-thirds of the images stayed on cell phones and never circulated online.